Introduction
WebSphere Liberty 21 is a next-generation application server that accelerates the delivery of cloud-native applications, allowing your team to rapidly deliver differentiating innovation. Whether you're running microservices in a serverless environment or a traditional always-on application, WebSphere Liberty 21 requires less infrastructure, saving costs, and providing the flexibility your organization needs to deploy on any cloud in a trusted, secure, and open environment. WebSphere Liberty 21 empowers your development and platform engineering teams to continuously deliver code that meets and exceeds your customers' expectations.
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How to download WebSphere Liberty 21
There are two ways to download WebSphere Liberty 21: using archive packages or using installation manager packages. Archive packages are lightweight, easily customizable, and better suited for cloud deployments. Installation manager packages provide managed installations, allow for in-place updates, and are the same tool that is used to install many other IBM products.
To download archive packages, you can visit the website and select the archives with all features option. You can choose from different platforms such as Linux, Windows, AIX, Solaris, or z/OS. You can also download convenience ZIP files for Liberty Kernel or OSGi applications, or convenience ZIP files with Java EE 8 or Java EE 7.
To download installation manager packages, you can visit the website and select the installation manager option. You can choose from different platforms such as Linux, Windows, AIX, Solaris, or z/OS. You can also download local repository files for installation manager installation.
How to install WebSphere Liberty 21
Using installation manager
To install WebSphere Liberty 21 using installation manager, you need to have installation manager version 1.9 or later installed on your system. You also need to have an existing Liberty installation on any level from 8.5.5.x to 16.0.0.2 onwards. You can use online product repositories or Passport Advantage Online for Network Deployment, Base, or Core.
The steps to install WebSphere Liberty 21 using installation manager are as follows:
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Launch installation manager and click Install.
Select the package group that contains WebSphere Application Server - Base or Network Deployment.
Select the version of WebSphere Application Server - Base or Network Deployment that you want to install.
Select the additional features that you want to install, such as WebSphere Liberty 21, WebSphere Liberty 21 with Java EE 8, or WebSphere Liberty 21 with Java EE 7.
Review the summary and click Install.
Wait for the installation to complete and click Finish.
You can verify that WebSphere Liberty 21 is installed by running the version command from the bin directory of your Liberty installation. You should see something like this:
WebSphere Application Server 21.0.0.1 (wlp-1.0.57.cl210120210119-1900) Java Platform Copyright IBM Corp. Java Runtime Environment Version: 1.8.0_281 Java Runtime Environment Vendor: IBM Corporation Product Edition: BASE
Using archive files
To install WebSphere Liberty 21 using archive files, you need to have a Java Development Kit (JDK) version 8 or later installed on your system. You also need to download the archive file that matches your platform and desired features from the Fix Central website.
The steps to install WebSphere Liberty 21 using archive files are as follows:
Extract the archive file to a directory of your choice.
Set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to point to your JDK installation.
Run the server create command from the wlp/bin directory of your Liberty installation to create a default server.
Run the server start command from the same directory to start the default server.
Open a browser and go to to verify that WebSphere Liberty 21 is running.
You can also customize your server configuration by editing the server.xml file in the wlp/usr/servers/defaultServer directory of your Liberty installation. You can add or remove features, change ports, define applications, and more.
Benefits of WebSphere Liberty 21
Cloud-native capabilities
WebSphere Liberty 21 is designed to support cloud-native applications and microservices, which are modular, scalable, resilient, and agile. WebSphere Liberty 21 provides the following features and advantages for cloud-native development and deployment:
A lightweight and modular runtime that can run on any cloud platform, such as Kubernetes, OpenShift, IBM Cloud, AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.
A flexible and dynamic configuration that can be updated without restarting the server or redeploying the application.
A zero-migration architecture that ensures compatibility across different versions of WebSphere Liberty 21 and eliminates the need for costly and risky migrations.
A comprehensive set of features that support modern development practices, such as DevOps, continuous delivery, test automation, observability, and security.
A fast startup time and low memory footprint that optimize resource utilization and performance.
Developer productivity
WebSphere Liberty 21 is designed to boost developer productivity and efficiency, allowing them to focus on creating innovative and high-quality applications. WebSphere Liberty 21 provides the following tools and support for developers:
A simple and intuitive command-line interface that enables easy creation, management, and testing of servers and applications.
A powerful and integrated development environment that supports popular tools such as Eclipse, Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ IDEA, Maven, Gradle, Ant, and more.
A live reload feature that automatically detects changes in source code or configuration and updates the running application without requiring a restart or redeploy.
A hot deployment feature that enables adding or removing features on demand without affecting the running application.
A rich set of APIs and frameworks that enable developers to create modern applications using technologies such as MicroProfile, Jakarta EE, Spring Boot, Node.js, Python, Ruby, PHP, and more.
Open standards and compatibility
WebSphere Liberty 21 is committed to supporting open standards and ensuring compatibility with other application servers and frameworks. WebSphere Liberty 21 provides the following benefits in terms of openness and compatibility:
A full compliance with Java EE 8 and Java EE 7 specifications, which guarantee interoperability with other Java EE application servers and frameworks.
A leading role in developing and implementing MicroProfile specifications, which define a set of APIs and features for building microservices using Java EE technologies.
A strong contribution to Jakarta EE specifications, which are the evolution of Java EE standards under the Eclipse Foundation.
A compatibility with other open source frameworks and libraries, such as Spring Boot, Quarkus, Helidon, Micronaut, and more.
A support for open source technologies and tools, such as Docker, Kubernetes, OpenShift, Prometheus, Grafana, Jaeger, Zipkin, and more.
Comparison of WebSphere Liberty 21 with other application servers
With traditional WebSphere Application Server
WebSphere Liberty 21 is a modern and lightweight alternative to the traditional WebSphere Application Server (WAS), which is a robust and comprehensive application server that supports a wide range of enterprise applications. While both products share some common features and capabilities, they also have some significant differences and advantages. Here are some of the main comparisons between WebSphere Liberty 21 and traditional WAS:
Aspect
WebSphere Liberty 21
Traditional WAS
Runtime size
60 MB
1 GB
Startup time
2 seconds
30 seconds
Memory footprint
100 MB
500 MB
Configuration
XML-based, dynamic, and flexible
XML-based, static, and complex
Installation
Archive or installation manager packages
Installation manager packages only
Update
In-place or out-of-place update with zero migration guarantee
In-place or out-of-place update with migration tools and processes required
Licensing model
PAYG (pay as you go) based on VPC (virtual processor core) hours or PVU (processor value unit) hours
PVU-based or core-based licensing with fixed costs regardless of usage
...
Cloud readiness
Highly optimized for cloud deployments, supports cloud-native features and microservices, runs on any cloud platform
Less optimized for cloud deployments, supports some cloud-native features and microservices, runs on limited cloud platforms
Developer experience
Enhanced developer productivity and efficiency, supports modern development practices and tools, provides live reload and hot deployment features
Reduced developer productivity and efficiency, supports traditional development practices and tools, requires restart or redeploy for changes
Openness and compatibility
Fully compliant with Java EE 8 and Java EE 7 specifications, leading role in MicroProfile and Jakarta EE specifications, compatible with other open source frameworks and technologies
Fully compliant with Java EE 8 and Java EE 7 specifications, partial role in MicroProfile and Jakarta EE specifications, less compatible with other open source frameworks and technologies
With other Java EE application servers
WebSphere Liberty 21 is one of the many Java EE application servers available in the market, such as WildFly, GlassFish, Payara, TomEE, and more. While all these application servers share some common features and capabilities based on the Java EE specifications, they also have some unique differences and advantages. Here are some of the main comparisons between WebSphere Liberty 21 and other Java EE application servers:
Aspect
WebSphere Liberty 21
Other Java EE application servers
Performance
High performance with fast startup time, low memory footprint, and optimized resource utilization
Variable performance with different startup time, memory footprint, and resource utilization depending on the application server
Features
A comprehensive set of features that support cloud-native applications, microservices, DevOps, observability, security, and more
A varying set of features that may or may not support cloud-native applications, microservices, DevOps, observability, security, and more depending on the application server
Flexibility
A flexible and dynamic configuration that allows adding or removing features on demand without affecting the running application
A less flexible and static configuration that may require restarting or redeploying the application for feature changes depending on the application server
...
Compatibility
Fully compliant with Java EE 8 and Java EE 7 specifications, leading role in MicroProfile and Jakarta EE specifications, compatible with other open source frameworks and technologies
Fully or partially compliant with Java EE 8 and Java EE 7 specifications, varying role in MicroProfile and Jakarta EE specifications, compatible or incompatible with other open source frameworks and technologies depending on the application server
Support
A reliable and professional support from IBM, which is a leading vendor in the application server market
A variable support depending on the application server, which may be provided by a vendor, a community, or both
Common issues and solutions for WebSphere Liberty 21
Start/stop issues
Sometimes, you may encounter some problems when starting or stopping WebSphere Liberty 21 servers. Here are some common issues and solutions for start/stop issues:
If you see an error message like Server defaultServer start failed. Check server logs for details., you can check the messages.log file in the wlp/usr/servers/defaultServer/logs directory of your Liberty installation to find out the cause of the failure. You can also use the --trace=* option when running the server start command to enable more detailed logging.
If you see an error message like Server defaultServer is already running., you can check the .pid file in the wlp/usr/servers/defaultServer/workarea directory of your Liberty installation to find out the process ID of the running server. You can also use the server status command to check the status of the server.
If you see an error message like Server defaultServer stop failed. Check server logs for details., you can check the messages.log file in the wlp/usr/servers/defaultServer/logs directory of your Liberty installation to find out the cause of the failure. You can also use the --trace=* option when running the server stop command to enable more detailed logging.
If you see an error message like Server defaultServer is not running., you can check the .pid file in the wlp/usr/servers/defaultServer/workarea directory of your Liberty installation to find out if the server process is still running. You can also use the server status command to check the status of the server.
If you see an error message like The server cannot be started because it is already in use by another process., you can check if there is another process that is using the same port as the server. You can use tools such as netstat, lsof, or fuser to find out which process is using the port. You can also change the port number of the server by editing the server.xml file in the wlp/usr/servers/defaultServer directory of your Liberty installation.
Java issues
Sometimes, you may encounter some problems related to Java when running WebSphere Liberty 21 servers. Here are some common issues and solutions for Java issues:
If you see an error message like The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly., you can check if you have set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to point to your JDK installation. You can also use the --javaHome option when running the server command to specify the JDK location.
If you see an error message like The JVM could not be started. The maximum heap size (-Xmx) might be too large or an antivirus or firewall tool could block the execution., you can check if you have enough memory available on your system to run the server. You can also use the --jvmOptions option when running the server command to adjust the heap size or other JVM options. You can also check if there is any antivirus or firewall software that is blocking the server process.
If you see an error message like The JVM could not be started. The main method may have thrown an exception., you can check the messages.log file in the wlp/usr/servers/defaultServer/logs directory of your Liberty installation to find out the cause of the exception. You can also use the --trace=* option when running the server command to enable more detailed logging.
If you see an error message like The JVM could not be started. The specified JDK level may not exist., you can check if you have the correct JDK version installed on your system. WebSphere Liberty 21 requires JDK 8 or later. You can also use the --javaHome option when running the server command to specify the JDK location.
If you see an error message like The JVM could not be started. The specified JDK level may not match the server's required Java level., you can check if you have the correct JDK version installed on your system. WebSphere Liberty 21 requires JDK 8 or later, but some features may require a higher JDK version. You can also use the --javaHome option when running the server command to specify the JDK location.
Feature issues
Sometimes, you may encounter some problems related to features when running WebSphere Liberty 21 servers. Here are some common issues and solutions for feature issues:
If you see an error message like CWWKF0001E: A feature definition could not be found for xxxxx, you can check if you have the correct feature name and version in your server.xml file. You can also check if you have downloaded and installed the feature package from the Fix Central website.
If you see an error message like CWWKF0002E: A conflict occurred processing features xxxxx and yyyyy, you can check if you have incompatible features in your server.xml file. You can also check if you have updated your features to the latest version from the Fix Central website.
If you see an error message like CWWKF0003E: The feature xxxxx could not be started due to a missing service or capability yyyyy, you can check if you have all the required features and services in your server.xml file. You can also check if you have downloaded and installed all the dependencies from the Fix Central website.
If you see an error message like CWWKF0004E: The feature xxxxx is not supported by this edition of WebSphere Application Server Liberty Profile, you can check if you have a valid license for using the feature. You can also check if you have downloaded and installed the correct edition of WebSphere Liberty 21 from the Fix Central website.
If you see an error message like CWWKF0005E: The feature xxxxx is not supported by this version of WebSphere Application Server Liberty Profile, you can check if you have updated your WebSphere Liberty 21 installation to the latest version from the Fix Central website. You can also check if you have downloaded and installed the correct version of the feature from the Fix Central website.
Conclusion
In this article, we have learned how to download and install WebSphere Liberty 21, the next-generation application server from IBM. We have also learned some of the benefits, comparisons, and common issues of WebSphere Liberty 21. WebSphere Liberty 21 is a modern and lightweight application server that accelerates the delivery of cloud-native applications, boosts developer productivity, and supports open standards and compatibility. Whether you are running microservices in a serverless environment or a traditional always-on application, WebSphere Liberty 21 can help you achieve your business goals and customer satisfaction.
If you want to learn more about WebSphere Liberty 21, you can visit the following resources:
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions and answers about WebSphere Liberty 21:
What is the difference between WebSphere Liberty 21 and Open Liberty?
WebSphere Liberty 21 and Open Liberty are both derived from the same code base, but they have some differences in terms of features, support, and licensing. WebSphere Liberty 21 is a commercial product that offers a comprehensive set of features, a reliable and professional support from IBM, and a PAYG (pay as you go) licensing model based on VPC (virtual processor core) hours or PVU (processor value unit) hours. Open Liberty is an open source project that offers a subset of features, a community-based support, and a free licensing model.
How can I migrate my applications from traditional WebSphere Application Server to WebSphere Liberty 21?
You can use the to migrate your server configuration from traditional WAS to WebSphere Liberty 21.
How can I monitor and manage my WebSphere Liberty 21 servers?
You can use various tools and technologies to monitor and manage your WebSphere Liberty 21 servers, such as:
The server command-line interface that enables you to create, start, stop, status, package, dump, run, debug, and test your servers and applications.
The liberty-maven-plugin or the liberty-gradle-plugin that enables you to build, test, deploy, and run your applications using Maven or Gradle.
The wlp-anttasks.jar file that enables you to perform various tasks using Ant.
The /metrics, /health, /openapi, and /config endpoints that enable you to access various metrics, health checks, API documentation, and configuration data of your servers and applications.
The MicroProfile Metrics feature that enables you to collect and expose metrics data using Prometheus or Grafana.
The MicroProfile Health feature that enables you to report the health status of your servers and applications using Kubernetes liveness and readiness probes.
The MicroProfile OpenAPI feature that enables you to generate and display OpenAPI documentation for your RESTful services using Swagger UI.
The MicroProfile Config feature that enables you to externalize and dynamically update your configuration properties using environment variables, system properties, or config sources.
The MicroProfile Rest Client feature that enables you to invoke RESTful services using a type-safe client API.
The MicroProfile Fault Tolerance feature that enables you to improve the resilience of your applications using patterns such as retry, fallback, timeout, circuit breaker, and bulkhead.
... The MicroProfile JWT feature that enables you to secure your applications using JSON Web Tokens.
The MicroProfile OpenTracing feature that enables you to trace the requests and responses of your applications using Jaeger or Zipkin.
The Admin Center feature that enables you to access a web-based user interface to manage your servers and applications.
The Collective Controller feature that enables you to create and manage a collective of Liberty servers using a controller server and a member server.
How can I extend and customize WebSphere Liberty 21?
You can extend and customize WebSphere Liberty 21 in various ways, such as:
Adding or removing features using the installUtility command-line tool or the featureManager Ant task.
Creating or modifying the server.xml file to configure your servers and applications.
Creating or modifying the bootstrap.properties file to define system properties or environment variables for your servers.
Creating or modifying the jvm.options file to specify JVM options for your servers.
Creating or modifying the server.env file to define environment variables for your servers.
Creating or modifying the logging.properties file to configure the logging behavior of your servers.
Creating or modifying the server.policy file to define the security policy for your servers.
Creating user features using the to add custom functionality to your servers.
Creating user extensions using the to add custom libraries or resources to your servers.
How can I get help and support for WebSphere Liberty 21?
You can get help and support for WebSphere Liberty 21 in various ways, such as:
Contacting IBM Support through the , where you can open a case, chat with an agent, or call a representative.
Visiting the , where you can ask questions, share ideas, and interact with other users and experts.
Browsing the , where you can find guides, tutorials, references, and samples for WebSphere Liberty 21.
Searching the , where you can find articles, videos, blogs, podcasts, and more about WebSphere Liberty 21.
Following the , where you can get the latest news, updates, tips, and best practices for WebSphere Liberty 21.
I hope you have enjoyed this article and learned something new about WebSphere Liberty 21. If you have any feedback or suggestions, please feel free to leave a comment below. Thank you for reading! 44f88ac181
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